Publication Ethics:
1. Honesty and Transparency: Authors should provide realistic and accurate information in their research and writings. Data should be presented clearly, and tactics such as manipulation and data selection should be avoided.
2. Citations and References: Authors should appropriately cite the works of others and specify the sources used. Plagiarism (quoting from other works without proper attribution) should be prevented.
3. Conflict of Interest: Authors should transparently disclose financial or other conflicts of interest. This is crucial to ensure the impartiality and credibility of the publication.
4. Animal and Human Rights: Adherence to ethical rules in research is important. Ethical approvals should be obtained for studies involving humans and animals, and transparency should be maintained on this matter.
5. Editorial Independence: Independence and impartiality between editors, authors, and reviewers should be maintained. Editorial decisions should be based on scientific contributions.
Misconduct Reporting:
Misconduct reporting involves reporting situations that violate ethical rules in scientific research and publishing. The process of reporting misconduct may include the following steps:
1. Identification: Scientists can identify potential cases of misconduct by examining publications or receiving notifications from the scientific community.
2. Notification: When misconduct is identified, it should be reported. This is usually done through a written notification to the relevant institution, publisher, or editor.
3. Investigation: The organization or publisher receiving the report investigates the situation in detail to verify its accuracy.
4. Sanctions: Upon confirmation of misconduct, appropriate sanctions are applied. This may include correcting or retracting the article, legal actions against the authors, or other disciplinary measures.